TCP/IP networking

Lecture 5 - Introduction to TCP/IP networking #

Scope #

Basic content #

  • OSI communication architecture. Functionality of layers.
  • Internetworks, Internet. 4-layer architecture of TCP/IP based networks.
  • Communication in TCP/IP network; virtual layer to layer communication. Encapsulation. Roles of router and bridge. Example protocol stack.
  • Types of data transmissions/routing schemes: unicast, multicast, broadcast, anycast, geocast
  • IPv4 addressing: classful, classless (CIDR). Private networks and NAT.
  • Port concept, IANA, assignment of ports: well-known, registered, ephemeral.
  • Basic TCP/IP protocols:
    • IP: addressing, fragmentation/reassembly of data packets (datagrams). IP datagram structure.
    • ICMP: carrier of (mostly error) messages.
    • UDP: basis of connection-less (datagram) Internet communication.
    • TCP: basis of connection-oriented (stream) reliable Internet communication.
      Concepts: segement retransmission, acknowledgement, offered window, adaptation of transmission speed, Nagle algorithm, input/output queues (buffers) and their size, low-water marks, urgent/out-of-band (OOB) data.
  • IPv6

Auxiliary content #

  • TCP/IP state diagram.
  • Auxiliary protocols: ARP, RARP, BOOTP, DHCP

Reference #

  1. Textbook: chapter 16 (Distributed Operating Systems): sec 16.3 (Network Structure), sec. 16.4 (Network Topology), sec. 16.5 (Communication Structure), sec. 16.6 (Communication Protocols), sec. 16.9 (An Example: Networking)
  2. Slides: Inet_1en.pdf
  3. Supplementary reading: W.R. Stevens, Unix Network Progamming, Vol. 1, 2nd Ed.
    Chapters: 1 (Introduction), 2 (The Transport Layer: TCP and UDP).